Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Natural and man-made environmental resources – fresh water, clean air, forests, grasslands, marine resources, and agro-ecosystems – provide sustenance and a foundation for social and economic development. The need to safeguard these resources crosses all borders. Today, the World Bank is one of the key promoters and financiers of environmental upgrading in the developing world. Data here cover forests, biodiversity, emissions, and pollution. Other indicators relevant to the environment are found under data pages for Agriculture & Rural Development, Energy & Mining, Infrastructure, and Urban Development.

In a survey between September and October 2022, around 43.4 percent of the respondents in Spain stated that air pollution was the main environmental issue in the country. Only 9.6 percent of the interviewees expressed that climate change itself was a main environmental problem. Nonetheless, some climate change effects were a matter of concern, like droughts and wildfires.

Abstract: Environmental issues may promote open and complex discussions bringing students closer to their realities and different meanings for school learning. This research overviews the complexity in Science Teaching outcomes in Brazil and Spain. Beyond the research for results about different conceptions, it attempted to understand the approaches of these productions focused on environmental matters and the potential to promote a complex reading of the world. Methodologically, it presents levels of education, documents guiding Environmental Education in both countries, and investigates the works published in journals about complexity in socio-environmental issues. From the results, it was acknowledged that a range of approaches to the complexity perspective exists, it could be in a perspective of (i) punctual approximations; (ii) potential - in transition; (iii) high potential - consolidated. Particularly, productions in (iii) are closer to complexity as organizing element of Educational Dimension, Teaching-Learning Dimension and Epistemological Dimension.

This data collection is part of a continuing series of semi-monthly surveys of individuals in Spain. Each survey consists of three sections. The first section collects information on respondents' attitudes regarding personal and national issues. This section includes questions on level of life satisfaction and frequency of relationships, as well as a rating of the importance of national issues. The second section varies according to the monthly topic, with this month's topic focusing on ecology and the environment. Among the issues investigated are the size, population, and climate of the respondent's ideal place of residence, and the respondent's attitudes toward population issues, the depletion of natural resources in Spain and around the world, the earth's environmental problems, the relative importance of environmental problems versus social problems and overpopulation, the promotion of economic development versus environmental protection, possible solutions to environmental problems and who should be responsible for their implementation, and potential measures to protect the environment. Also included is information on the respondent's level of participation in recycling programs and efforts to buy ecologically safe packaging and organically-produced foods. The third section collects demographic data such as sex, age, religion, income, and place of residence.

Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Pollution data was reported at 318.160 USD mn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 278.610 USD mn for 2020. Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Pollution data is updated yearly, averaging 71.285 USD mn from Dec 1994 to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 360.190 USD mn in 2018 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 1994. Climate Change: Tax Revenue: USD: Pollution data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: by Environmental Domain: OECD Member: Annual.

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal covering the following topics which also exist as individual datasets on HDX: Agriculture and Rural Development, Aid Effectiveness, Economy and Growth, Education, Energy and Mining, Environment, Financial Sector, Health, Infrastructure, Social Protection and Labor, Poverty, Private Sector, Public Sector, Science and Technology, Social Development, Urban Development, Gender, Millenium development goals, Climate Change, External Debt, Trade.

Spain Total Economy: Environmental Protection Output data was reported at 18,981.000 EUR mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 18,401.100 EUR mn for 2016. Spain Total Economy: Environmental Protection Output data is updated yearly, averaging 17,640.100 EUR mn from Dec 2010 to 2017, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,981.000 EUR mn in 2017 and a record low of 16,748.400 EUR mn in 2013. Spain Total Economy: Environmental Protection Output data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmental Protection Expenditure: by Sector: OECD Member: Annual.

aThis statistic shows which environmental issues adults worried most about in Spain in 2014. For 58 percent of respondents air pollution was one of the main environmental issues that raised concern, while water pollution and the depletion of natural resources were worrying issues as well.

Spain Public Sector: National Expenditure on Environmental Protection data was reported at 6,807.800 EUR mn in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,806.600 EUR mn for 2019. Spain Public Sector: National Expenditure on Environmental Protection data is updated yearly, averaging 6,326.200 EUR mn from Dec 2010 to 2020, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,151.000 EUR mn in 2010 and a record low of 5,725.200 EUR mn in 2013. Spain Public Sector: National Expenditure on Environmental Protection data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmental Protection Expenditure: by Sector: OECD Member: Annual.

Spain's paper and graphic arts industry invested a total of 52.4 million euros in environmental protection in 2021. This represented an increase of some 45 percent in comparison to the previous year. During the period in consideration, the annual investment in environmental protection of the Spanish paper industry peaked in 2019.

Spain's machinery and equipment industry investment in environmental protection more than doubled in 2021, amounting to some 4.13 million euros. Nevertheless, this figure represented a considerable decrease when compared to the amount invested in 2008.

Spain Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data was reported at 1.430 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.330 % for 2020. Spain Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.430 % from Dec 1994 to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.750 % in 1994 and a record low of 1.140 % in 2012. Spain Climate Change: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: by Environmental Domain: OECD Member: Annual.

Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data was reported at 1.820 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.760 % for 2020. Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.890 % from Dec 1994 to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.250 % in 1999 and a record low of 1.590 % in 2012. Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: by Environmental Domain: OECD Member: Annual.

BackgroundTrichocorixa verticalis verticalis, a native of North America, is the only alien corixid identified in Europe. First detected in 1997 in southern Portugal, it has spread into south-west Spain including Doñana National Park. Its impact on native taxa in the same area is unclear, but it is the dominant species in several permanent, saline wetlands.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe investigated whether the ecophysiology of this alien species favours its spread in the Iberian Peninsula and its relative success in saline areas. We compared physiological responses to heating (Critical Thermal maximum), cooling (Critical Thermal minimum) and freezing (Super Cooling Point) in the native Sigara lateralis and introduced T. v. verticalis acclimated to different temperatures and salinities. The larger S. lateralis generally outperformed T. v. verticalis and appeared to possess a broader thermal tolerance range. In both taxa, CTmax was highest in animals exposed to a combination of high conductivities and relatively low acclimation temperatures. However, CTmax was generally higher in T. v. verticalis and lower in S. lateralis when acclimated at higher temperatures. CTmin were lower (greater tolerance to cold) after acclimation to high conductivities in T. v. verticalis, and following acclimation to low conductivities in S. lateralis. Both acclimation temperature and conductivity influenced corixids' freezing tolerance; however, only in T. v. verticalis did SCP decrease after exposure to both high temperature and conductivity. T. v. verticalis showed a higher range of mean responses over all treatments.ConclusionsWhilst the native S. lateralis may have a broader thermal range, the alien species performs particularly well at higher salinities and temperatures and this ability may facilitate its invasion in Mediterranean areas. The greater plasticity of T. v. verticalis may further facilitate its spread in the future, as it may be more able to respond to climate shifts than the native species.

Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Resources data was reported at 0.020 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2020. Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Resources data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1994 to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.020 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2020. Total Environment: Tax Revenue: % of GDP: Resources data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.ESG: Environmental: Environmentally Related Tax Revenue: by Environmental Domain: OECD Member: Annual.

Spain's extractive industry invested a total of 4.45 million euros in environmental protection in 2021, slightly up from the previous year. Nevertheless, this represented a considerable decrease when compared to the amount invested in 2008, at 48.6 million euros.

This statistic shows the results of a 2018 survey that asked people in Spain what they think causes climate change. According to data published by Ipsos, 42 percent of the Spanish surveyed believe that climate change is mainly caused by human activity, the most of any category.

Spain's textile, leather and footwear industry investment in environmental protection more than doubled in 2021, amounting to some 11.2 million euros. This was the highest figure reported by the Mediterranean country during the period in consideration.

In 2021, approximately nine in ten consumers in Spain said they said they were ready to make changes in their day-to-day behavior in order to help protect the environment. Nearly the same percentage of Spanish consumers said they avoid buying more than they need.