A novel dataset 'Linux-APT-Dataset-2024' that includes the Tactics, Techniques and Procedure (TTPs) of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks in Linux environment. There are 17 files ranging from 01st October 2023 to 07 January 2024 and each of the file contains all the essential data fields that could be required for any analysis. Timestamp, Agent-Name, Full-log (Including commands, payloads, and arguments), Rule Description, MITRE Tactic and Associated IDs, MITRE Technique, File Hash (MD5), File Hash (SHA256), Source-OS, Path, Source Datatype, Filename, Source-log, Rule PCI-DSS, Rule HIPAA, Rule NIST800-53, Source/Destination IP & Port.

The dataset contains both type of activities general as well as malicious/suspicious to make the dataset near real-time for better analysis and evaluation. It will be more productive if the cybersecurity framework considered for mapping the TTP is MITRE. The simulated attacks includes all the Privilege Escalation payloads for linux, recently discovered CVEs, emulations of key-loggers and APTs like APT41, APT28, APT29, Turla. An effective way to make the log/records whether it is general or suspicious is to filter the log if it is TTP tagged, that means it's suspicious/malicious otherwise it is considered as general. While developing the dataset we have The dataset is also useful for analysing all the critical log resources in the linux environment that could be considered while performing forensics activity.

The combined version for all the files are placed in the below reference.
Karim, Sohaib (2024), “Linux-APT-Dataset-2024”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/5x68fv63sh.1 (Combine-CSV)

BarraHome/Linux dataset hosted on Hugging Face and contributed by the HF Datasets community

 Introduction

Linux Statistics: Linux is an open-source operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It is known for being flexible, secure, and reliable. Linux is used in many areas, including personal computers, smartphones, servers, and supercomputers. In 2025, Linux continues to be important in modern technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and containerization.

Many organizations choose Linux because it is stable and performs well, especially for critical tasks. With a growing community of developers and innovations, Linux will stay a key part of future computing, from personal use to advanced AI data centers.

Linux Dataset

## Overview

Linux Dataset is a dataset for object detection tasks - it contains Icons Buttons Dropdownlist annotations for 400 images.

## Getting Started

You can download this dataset for use within your own projects, or fork it into a workspace on Roboflow to create your own model.

  ## License

  This dataset is available under the [MIT license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/MIT).

Explore the Linux Operating System Global Market Report 2025 Market trends! Covers key players, growth rate 19.8% CAGR, market size $18.73 Billion, and forecasts to 2033. Get insights now!

Linux Operating System Market Outlook

The global Linux Operating System market size was valued at approximately USD 13.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 28.1 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5%. The growth of the Linux Operating System market is driven by the increasing demand for open-source platforms, the flexibility and security offered by Linux OS, and the rapid adoption across various industry verticals. Organizations are increasingly leaning towards Linux due to its cost-effectiveness, robustness, and scalability. These factors collectively contribute to the burgeoning expansion of the Linux Operating System market globally.

One of the primary growth factors for the Linux Operating System market is the growing inclination towards open-source software. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux offers users the freedom to modify and distribute their own versions, which is highly appealing to developers and enterprises seeking customizable solutions. This open-source nature fosters innovation, enabling users to tailor the OS to meet specific needs, thereby driving its adoption across various sectors including tech giants and small businesses alike. Additionally, the absence of licensing fees makes Linux a cost-effective choice, particularly for startups and educational institutions operating with limited budgets.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing emphasis on security. Linux OS is renowned for its robust security features, making it a preferred choice for enterprises and government institutions where data protection is paramount. The modular architecture of Linux allows for better control over system components, and the open-source community actively contributes to identifying and patching vulnerabilities, resulting in a more secure operating environment. As cyber threats continue to escalate, the demand for secure operating systems like Linux is expected to rise, fueling market growth.

The flexibility and scalability offered by Linux Operating Systems are also critical factors propelling its market growth. Linux can run on virtually any hardware, from high-performance servers to embedded systems, which makes it a versatile choice for a wide range of applications. This flexibility allows businesses to deploy Linux in diverse settings, from data centers to mobile devices, ensuring that their IT infrastructure can scale efficiently with their growth. Furthermore, the compatibility of Linux with cloud computing infrastructures enhances its appeal as businesses increasingly migrate to cloud-based environments.

In addition to its inherent security features, the Linux Operating System is increasingly being utilized in intranet environments where security is a top priority. Intranet Operating System Security is crucial for organizations that need to protect sensitive data and internal communications from external threats. Linux's open-source nature allows IT administrators to customize security protocols to fit the specific needs of their intranet systems. This flexibility ensures that organizations can implement robust security measures, such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems, tailored to their unique requirements. As businesses continue to prioritize cybersecurity, the role of Linux in securing intranet systems is becoming more prominent, further driving its adoption in the corporate sector.

The regional outlook for the Linux Operating System market highlights significant growth opportunities across various geographies. North America is currently the largest market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and a strong emphasis on innovation and cybersecurity. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to rapid industrialization, increasing adoption of cloud services, and a growing number of tech startups. Europe also presents substantial growth potential, particularly in countries like Germany and the UK, where there is a strong focus on technological advancements and digital transformation initiatives.

Distribution Analysis

The distribution segment of the Linux Operating System market encompasses various distributions, including Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and others. Each distribution serves differen

The LINUX dataset consists of function-call graph representations, used for benchmarking graph distance metrics.

File versions from Linux Kernel, with vulnerability labels derived from the CVE database. Based on the work by Jimenez et al. [1].[1] Jimenez, Matthieu, Mike Papadakis, and Yves Le Traon. "Vulnerability prediction models: A case study on the linux kernel." Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM), 2016 IEEE 16th International Working Conference on. IEEE, 2016.

Dataset containing measurements of Linux Kernel binary size after compilation. The reported size, in the column "perf", is the size in bytes of the vmlinux file. In contains also a column "active_options" reporting the number of activated options (set at "y"). All other columns, the list being reported in the file "Linux_options.json", are Linux kernel options. The sampling have been made using randconfig. The version of Linux used is 4.13.3.

Not all available options are present. First, it only contains options about the x86 and 64 bits version. Then, all non-tristate options have been ignored. Finally, options not having multiple value through the whole dataset, due to not enough variability in the sampling, are ignored. All options are encoded as 0 for "n" and "m" options value, and 1 for "y".

In python, importing the dataset using pandas will attribute all columns to int64, which will lead to a great consumption of memory (~50GB). We provide this way to import it using less than 1 GB of memory by setting options columns to int8.

import pandas as pd
import json
import numpy

with open("Linux_options.json","r") as f:
  linux_options = json.load(f)
# Load csv by setting options as int8 to save a lot of memory
return pd.read_csv("Linux.csv", dtype={f:numpy.int8 for f in linux_options})

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Linux Operating System Market size will be USD 19548.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.40% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7819.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 5864.46 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 4496.09 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 977.41 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 390.96 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.1% from 2024 to 2031.
The enterprise held the highest Linux Operating System Market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Linux Operating System Market

Key Drivers for Linux Operating System Market

Increased Requests for Open-Source Products to Increase the Demand Globally

The Linux operating system market has experienced growth due to a growing need for open-source software systems of operations. Software for machines that permits individuals to access and modify the source material is referred to as a freely available operating system. Linux is an open-sourced platform that works effectively for personalized processing in desktop OS. Linux handles multiple threads and large quantities of programs. Consequently, the Linux operating systems industry is expanding due to the growing need for open-sourced operating systems.

The increase in the utilization of innovative technologies to Propel Market Growth

The Linux operating system market has witnessed steady growth, driven by an increase in the use of innovative technology. Breakthrough discoveries, innovations, or patterns in a variety of sectors that possess the ability to profoundly affect and change businesses, communities, and daily life are referred to as modern technologies. The Linux operating system is essential to the uptake and application of new technologies in many different fields. Linux is well-known for being freely available, flexible, and has excellent safety features. It offers a dependable and adaptable system that makes it easier to create and implement advanced technology. Consequently, the Linux operating system industry is being driven by an increase in the use of innovative technology.

Restraint Factor for the Linux Operating System Market

Inadequate knowledge to Limit the Sales

The expansion of the Linux operating system market is largely restricted by the absence of knowledge about software designed for operating systems among companies of all sizes, entrepreneurs, and regional organizations. The modest expenditure for information technology and storage services prevents small and medium-sized enterprises from making larger investments in the Linux operating system. This limits the ability for applications to evolve and impedes commercial expansion. To maintain their competitiveness, small and medium-sized enterprises must enhance their IT systems and recognize the value of managing data.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Linux Operating System Market

The Linux operating system market has witnessed growth due to rising demand for innovative technology. Key drivers include the increasing importance of security measures. However, the global pandemic caused the globe to come to an abrupt halt and had unanticipated and unclear impacts on households, organizations, means of subsistence, and industries. Because of the volatility of the market, businesses are implementing tactics to optimize profits by anticipating the degree of unpredictability. The restrictive policies' economic ramifications have significantly impacted Linux operating system sales. Frequent delays have hampered the business's expansion prospects for Linux operating systems in supply. Introduction of the Linux Operating System Market

Linux Operating System is a freely available operating system t...

The size of the Linux Operating System Market was valued at USD 12.97 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 23.56 billion by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period. In terms of flexibility, as well as the open-source nature of Linux, there are increasing rates of deployment within industries such as IT and telecommunication, at the automotive and embedded levels. Linux is respected for its security, flexibility in terms of its operating environment, and stability. It is widely used in server environments, cloud computing, and bare-metal-to-mobile infrastructure Opensource has provided the model on which Linux is made, providing the end-user company with the chance to customize and optimize the operating system to suit the individual needs of the specific company, be it in the enterprise application arena where Linux is most used or in other domains where end-users use Linux. Recent developments include: In February 2023, Elektrobit and Canonical unveiled EB corbos Linux, an open-source Linux platform tailored specifically for automotive software. Based on Ubuntu, this innovative solution accelerates the development of electronic control units while ensuring compliance with automotive production processes., In February 2023, SAP SE forged a strategic partnership with Red Hat, Inc., aimed at supporting industries utilizing SAP for cloud transformation. This collaboration leverages Red Hat Enterprise Linux to provide SAP clients with a flexible and secure cloud environment, fostering intelligent business operations and more efficient workflows., In September 2022, SUSE Group joined forces with Amazon Web Services, Inc., to assist SAP customers in transitioning to the cloud seamlessly. This collaboration offers SAP solutions on the SUSE Linux operating system, ensuring a swift and reliable platform for the mission-critical migration of customers' data and applications., In May 2022, Google LLC invested in a Linux security initiative, focusing on enhancing the Linux operating system. The project aimed to create software enhancing smartphone security and internet connectivity, thereby contributing to a safer digital environment., In March 2022, cPanel LLC partnered with Ubuntu to introduce its cPanel & WHM version. This collaboration resulted in an open-source Linux distribution architecture that prioritizes security and stability, catering to the diverse needs of businesses and ensuring a reliable operating environment., . Key drivers for this market are: Open-Source Nature Cost-Effectiveness Security and Stability. Potential restraints include: Compatibility Issues Limited Software Availability. Notable trends are: Linux in Cloud and Edge Computing Containerization and DevOps.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Linux Hint BD

Released under CC0: Public Domain

Contents

North America Linux operating system market size will be USD 7819.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.6% from 2024 to 2031. North America has emerged as a prominent participant, and its sales revenue is estimated to reach USD 29324.1 Million by 2031. This growth is mainly attributed to the advancement of storage facilities and increasing demand for safety.

The Linux Operating System Market size was valued at USD 15.52 USD billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 55.94 USD billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 20.1 % during the forecast period. The increasing adoption of Linux in data centers, cloud computing, and embedded systems drives the market growth. Linux is a Unix-like, open source and community-developed operating system (OS) for computers, servers, mainframes, mobile devices, and embedded devices. It is supported on almost every major computer platform, including x86, ARM and SPARC, making it one of the most widely supported operating systems. An operating system is the software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. Every version of the Linux OS manages hardware resources, launches and handles applications, and provides some form of user interface. The enormous community for developers and wide range of distributions means that a Linux version is available for almost any task, and Linux has penetrated many areas of computing. Recent developments include: In 2022, Canonical released Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, which included new features and security enhancements.

In 2021, Red Hat acquired StackRox to enhance its security offerings for Linux systems.

In 2020, Amazon Web Services launched Amazon Linux 2, a new Linux distribution optimized for AWS cloud environments.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Adoption of Operating System among Servers and Embedded Systems to Aid Growth. Potential restraints include: Intense Competition from Windows and Limited Adoption of Linux OS are Hampering Market Growth. Notable trends are: Growing Implementation of Touch-based and Voice-based Infotainment Systems to Increase Adoption of Intelligent Cars.

Linux Software Market Outlook

The global Linux Software market size was valued at approximately $5.5 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around $13.2 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.1% during the forecast period. The growth of the Linux Software market is driven by a variety of factors, including the increasing adoption of open-source software, the growing reliance on cloud infrastructure, and the rising need for secure and cost-effective operating systems.

One of the primary growth factors for the Linux Software market is the widespread adoption of open-source software by both enterprises and individual users. Open-source software offers several advantages, such as reduced costs, flexibility, and the ability to customize the software according to specific needs. Furthermore, the collaborative nature of open-source projects fosters innovation and rapid development, which attracts a large community of developers and users. This collective effort results in continuous improvements and security updates, making Linux an attractive option for various applications.

Another significant driver of market growth is the increasing reliance on cloud infrastructure. As businesses transition to cloud-based services, the demand for scalable, reliable, and cost-effective operating systems has surged. Linux, being highly compatible with various cloud platforms, is preferred by many organizations for its stability and performance. Additionally, many major cloud service providers, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure, offer robust support for Linux-based virtual machines, further boosting its adoption in the cloud computing space.

The rising need for secure and resilient operating systems is also contributing to the growth of the Linux Software market. With the increasing frequency of cyber-attacks and data breaches, organizations are prioritizing security more than ever. Linux is known for its strong security features, such as user permissions, encryption, and regular updates, which help protect against vulnerabilities and threats. Furthermore, the transparency of open-source code allows for thorough scrutiny and prompt identification of potential security issues, making Linux a preferred choice for security-conscious organizations.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the Linux Software market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and the rapid adoption of advanced technologies. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period, fueled by the increasing number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the growing IT infrastructure in countries like India and China. Europe also presents promising growth opportunities, with a strong emphasis on data privacy and security regulations driving the adoption of Linux-based solutions.

Component Analysis

When analyzing the Linux Software market by component, it is essential to distinguish between software and services, as each segment plays a critical role in the market's development. The software component includes various Linux distributions, applications, and tools that cater to different user needs. Popular distributions such as Ubuntu, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) offer diverse functionalities and support for various hardware configurations. These distributions are widely adopted in both enterprise and individual environments due to their stability, security, and performance.

In addition to distributions, the software segment also encompasses a wide range of applications and tools designed to enhance productivity and streamline operations. Examples include development tools, database management systems, web servers, and containerization platforms like Docker. These applications are integral to the software development lifecycle and are widely used by developers and IT professionals to build, deploy, and manage applications efficiently. The growing demand for these tools is driven by the increasing adoption of DevOps practices and the need for faster software delivery cycles.

On the other hand, the services component includes various support and maintenance services, consulting, and training programs offered by Linux vendors and third-party providers. These services are crucial for organizations that require assistance in implementing, managing, and optimizing their Linux environments. Support and maintenance services ensure that systems run smoothly and securely, with timely updates and patches to address any issues. Consul

This is the Linux Kernel 4.21 Call Graphs created using CScout containing the following graphs:

1. File include graph (fgraph_I.txt)
2. Compile Time Dependency Graph (fgraph_C.txt)
3. Control Dependency Graph (through function calls) (fgraph_F_D.txt)
4. Data Dependency Graph (through global variables) (fgraph_G.txt)
5. Function and Macro Call Graph (cgraph.txt)

Files are of the form

foo.c boo.c

which indicate a directed edge foo.c -> boo.c.

The call graphs refer to all (ending with _all.txt) files or only the writable files.

These graphs were produced by processing the Linux Kernel Codebase consisting of 20.3 million lines of source code.

The results were produced on an Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1410 0 @ 2.80GHz server with 64GB of RAM.

References:

1. Papachristou, Marios. "Software clusterings with vector semantics and the call graph." Proceedings of the 2019 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. 2019.

We share a dataset of a nine-year history of patches (666,550 patches produced from December 2008 to December 2017) and related discussion recorded by the LKML project on the Linux kernel patchwork. To better help future studies, we analyzed the review results of these patches, and marked three types: accepted patches, rejected patches, and patches that are rejected because of the communication problem.

DXC Framework for Linux and Unix type operating systems

Linux Software Market 2025: Projected to hit USD 12.57B by 2029 at 17.8% CAGR. Access in-depth analysis on trends, market dynamics, and competitive landscape for data-driven decisions.